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Arguing for an anti-party hopping law
What I’d Like For GE are My Two Front Teeth… No Crime…
Defining our political future
Najib’s election dilemma

Posted: 03 Sep 2012 04:41 PM PDT

In conclusion, the current need for an anti-party hopping law reflects poorly on us as a democracy. Malaysia needs to move forward and away from merely voting according to party lines to voting because of individuals. Voting according to party lines restricts the voices of the people as MPs are tied to the party line and cannot represent the actual views of the people which may at times be at odds with the party he/she represents.

Galvin Wong, The Malaysian Insider

Recent events have focused on the topic of whether or not there should be restrictions on MPs switching sides. The hopping of Beaufort MP Lajim Ukin and Tuaran MP Wilfred Bumburing has definitely brought back memories of what happened in Perak few years ago. The former event, together with Lim Guan Eng's proposal of an anti-hopping law, has generated much debate from both sides of the political divide.

In this article, I attempt to frame the arguments for MPs to step down and be given a fresh mandate if they intend to switch parties and also try to counter-argue against those who disagree with the need to do so.

In 2004, it was clear that the people voted mainly based on national issues. Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi's message of reform caused major casualties such as Abdul Hadi Awang and very nearly Karpal Singh.

These were capable, popular candidates, only through an added emphasis by voters on national issues could they have lost or, in Karpal's case, nearly lost.

In the 2008 GE, it was clear that the trend continued.

This was proven by how Nurul Izzah Anwar and Tony Pua, two newbies to the political scene, upset established candidates such as Shahrizat Abdul Jalil and Chew Mei Fun in the urban seats of Lembah Pantai and PJ Utara as well as how Michael Jeyakumar beat S. Samy Vellu the rural seat of Sungai Siput.

As mentioned earlier, this is a clear indicator that people essentially voted according to party lines. This means that the candidates who are elected are expected to support party stands in Parliament. Not only that, when issues not discussed during elections come up during their term, the decisions on what stands to take are also the party's to make in our system of representative democracy. The candidate's mandate is to merely to support the party.

When one MP changes parties, this will mean that he/her stands change accordingly.

This is extremely undemocratic as people have not approved this and there is the likelihood that he/she is not representing his/her constituency's views. That there may be ethical issues involved in which he/she may have hopped because of position or cash rewards strengthens the case against party hopping.

An anti-hopping law pushes for a by-election to be called and for the people to decide whether they agree with he/her decision and whether or not they should retain him/her despite the ethical issues.

One can argue that if he/she changes parties but maintains his/her stands, a new by-election should not be called. However, I would have to say that this is unlikely due to the fact that in Malaysia our political parties practise strict toeing-of-the-party line.

An example of this is Tunku Abdul Aziz who claimed that he was forced out from the DAP for failing to agree with the party's stand on Bersih 3.0.

In addition, one must not forget that defections do not merely affect the representation of a few constituencies. At times, a few defections would mean an entire change in a state government. The Perak constitutional crisis in 2009 is an example of this.

A change in the state government is not the most of it. The next election will likely be a closely fought one. Proof of this is Merdeka Center's survey which indicated that 49 per cent of people were happy with the government, which might mean that almost half of the number of Malaysian voters might go for Pakatan Rakyat.

If both parties have close to the same number of seats after the elections, it is highly likely both sides will attempt to tempt MPs over. And this may result in an entire federal government changing due to defections. One does not need to be a rocket scientist to figure out how bad this is. The government will be one that does not reflect the wishes of the majority. That's how high the stakes are.

Let's take a look at the arguments for party hopping. Wan Saiful Wan Jan, CEO of IDEAS, was quoted in The Sun as stating that if a politician believes that his party is making the wrong stand for the people, it would only be fair to the rakyat if he changes parties.

Another argument that has been circulating is that Malaysians would very soon be voting for the individual candidate and not the party. Thus, legislation forbidding party hopping would not be needed.

Wan Saiful brings up an excellent point. However, his point is only valid in a situation where the mandate a MP receives is one where people support him according to his own personal stands and he has the mandate to make decisions for them on his own accord. As has been said, this is simply not the case in Malaysia.

Therefore, if an MP decides that a party's stands are wrong, it is only right for him to resign and for a by-election to be held to make sure of what the people want.

Moving on to the second argument. The truth is that even though surveys show people want to start voting based on individuals, there is a significant lack of information for them to do so. If a voter wants to vote based on a candidate's stands or track record/CV, he or she requires such information.

This is a problem in Malaysia as there are few newspapers that publish such details. Mainstream and online media like The Star, The Sun, The Malaysian Insider and Malaysiakini report news only on high-profile party leaders such as Khairy Jamaluddin and Tony Pua. Lesser-known representatives are given little or no attention whatsoever.

Local newspapers such as the Selangor Times are solutions to such a problem. They publicise actions taken and stands by state assemblymen and local MPs, allowing the people to effectively evaluate the performance of their representatives.

There has to be local newspapers which are neutral as well, portraying actions and stands of candidates from both sides of the political divide in order for the people to make effective, informative decisions when voting for a candidate based on his record. The government has also come up stating that such a law would be against freedom of association. Both Roger Tan and P. Ramakrishnan have both written lengthy articles in The Star and Aliran respectively on this point and I would not add much additional value by elaborating further.

Instead, I would like to comment on what should be done if, say, an anti-party hopping law is ruled unconstitutional. The fact of the matter is, even though an MP has the right to associate with different parties, he has the responsibility to make sure that his decision and stands will first reflect that of the people.

Therefore, if formal methods are declared unlawful, the only way would be an informal method. I propose that each party's MPs publicly declare that they would stand for a by-election if they choose to hop. The party should highly encourage the current term MPs to do so and once the 13th general election concludes, the new MPs as well.

A freer and much increased flow of information as well as a slacker system of toeing the party line are measures that must be taken. Hopefully when the 14th GE is held, there will no longer be a need for an anti-hopping law.

What I’d Like For GE are My Two Front Teeth… No Crime…

Posted: 03 Sep 2012 02:05 PM PDT

Dina Zaman, The Malaysian Insider

When will the General Elections be held?

Asking Malaysians on what they think the outcome of the General Elections only elicit shrugs. Everyone is tired of everything: the politics, rising cost of living, lack of work-life balance and crime. Many feel that come GE 13, nothing will change. "Same old, same old. Voting Pakatan Rakyat won't mean a better future."

What is there to hope for, asks a majority of professionals. They view Pemandu suspiciously, because they don't experience what the organisation touts. If the national bowler can be let off scot free for raping a 13 year old, what protection and rights will their children have, is another question. Malaysia seems to be lawless — it's a cowboy town.

In a closed group the writer is a member of, members are vocal and frustrated. The topics discussed in the group range from jokes to issues on religion, diversity and politics. On the topic of Pemandu's GTP, a member commented that, " I think it offers more of the same — quick wins and low-hanging fruits, which are all well and good, but sooner or later, you're going to run out of quick wins and low-hanging fruits and then what? Also, the measurement biases/moral hazard problems haven't been solved. Take the crime NKRA for instance, all v 2.0 does is set new targets based on the same measurements, but they'll still be reported by people whose performance these targets are meant to measure, so there'll still be the tendency for crime figures to be underreported and in some cases, mis-reported."

Another member added, "Notwithstanding the arguments and discussion given above, I think the main problem with our public policy formulation is not the actual process, but rather the primary data that we based our initial assumptions on. For some reason, government agencies are reluctant to share their statistics on numerous public policies with Institute of Higher Learning, or Research Groups (read OSA). That in itself is not necessarily a bad thing, if the said agencies are prepared to carry out analysis on these statistics themselves. Most of the time, that is not the case, thus the data gathered are most of the time lumped together, and any Tom, Dick or Harry who happens to be in charge can make his/her assumptions on those findings (which explains why we get merepek policies)."

"Personally, I think PEMANDU is a wonderful idea. Too long had our agencies played the role of both formulator and implementer, (even govt have the legislative and executive branch kan ?) for it to be fair and consistent."

Back in Glitzy Kay El…

Glitzy Kuala Lumpur now seems to have lost some of its steam. — AFP pic

Kuala Lumpur seems to have lost some of its steam. It never really shook off the gloom when Reformasi overtook the hearts and soul of angry Malaysians and the 1998 recession set in. Yes, there are a lot more luxury cars on the road and luxury high-rise condominiums, which are mostly empty. Yet, life in the city has stalled somewhat. Fashion insiders report of budgets being slashed, and what used to be fun and boisterous events are now muted. Parties and clubbing have toned down. Even political forums and activist gatherings are not as "dynamic as before," a jaded observer remarked. Of course, on the upside, there's Bersih, and Malaysians are more politically informed. They aren't shy about making their voices heard, and social media has aided them tremendously.

Nadia Jalil is a young mother, highly educated, and views Malaysian politics with great humour. She is the quintessential young Malaysian success story: brilliant, went to the right schools, literate, witty with a bite, married with a child. She wears the hijab fashionably, and despite the rather masculine work that she does, is girly. Her husband has quit the rat race and is now focussing on a food-and-beverage business. Both their families help care for their daughter, and because of the rising costs of housing, they live with Nadia's parents. They own one car, and rely on public transport for work and to get to wherever they want. Like many other young Malaysians, she wonders what will happen to her country. Her election wish-list is long, and realistic.

"Obviously I cannot ask for a total cessation of mudslinging, but maybe if there's sex involved, the mudslinging doesn't have to be conducted on the front pages of national newspapers for our children to see," Nadia says.

A relatively "clean" election, without last-minute appearances of postal votes and/or voters who are dead is another, and she would like candidates who have a minimum IQ of 100, and are literate in BM, English or either one.

Nadia can be described as a policy-wonk, and some of the policies she would like to see are a repeal of the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 to allow for local elections. This would mean more accountability and more empowerment for the people in charge of our cities; a smaller government: fewer, not more, ministries and agencies. Revamp the current JPA system — currently promotions are based on availability, not expertise, so someone who's been working on international trade for years can find themselves transferred suddenly to the Forestry Department simply because there's a vacancy there in that position. This needs to change, and lastly, the Department of Statistics to provide access to data, especially for research. Malaysian data access is one of the worst in the world. This hampers research, which then hampers educated policy-making.

She would also like an actual rationalisation of subsidies, licences and rents. "This is absolutely wishful thinking, especially since 1MDB's inexplicable purchase of Tanjung, but those IPP contracts need to be re-negotiated. While you're at it, take a look at the long-term procurement contracts for all the GLCs."

She does concede that there are success stories. "The myEG online government thing. If it is a crony running it, at least it's a competent crony. Improvements to the immigration process have been great. Hooray for automated passport renewal! And I like those new garbage bins provided by DBKL."

The Boys (and Girls ) in Blue

Supporters of Barisan Nasional seen with a party flag. — AFP pic

Right across Subway and Silverfish Books on Jalan Telawi, is the Barisan Nasional Youth Volunteer 2012 (BNYV) headquarters which sprouted within a month. When the cornerhouse was being renovated, it sparked off great interest among the tight-knit Jalan Telawi community of shopowners/tenants and households. It was a dental clinic. Looked like a new boutique. Maybe it was a pizza parlour. Oh, it's blue – it's a police station. Hold on. Oh my. Barisan Nasional is our new neighbour.

And running it is a young man passionate about politics and volunteerism and is a familiar name to readers of this website and also Free Malaysia Today. Zaidel Baharuddin is the director of BNYV 2012. His nomination to lead the group has been a pleasant surprise, and his mantra to the volunteers is straightforward, 'Low Cost, High Impact.'

The headquarters is all white and blue on the outside and inside, and all the furniture and appliances have been donated by corporations and individuals. There's a campus-like feel to it, though seeing people's heads bobbing past the living room window can be unnerving, especially in the middle of the night.

Zaidel is proud and excited about the venue and BNYV 2012. In a nutshell, it's a platform for young Malaysians aged from 19 to 25 to voice out their opinions on everything and anything to the Government. "Here's the thing; BNYV may sound like a political platform, but it is not. It's an avenue for Malaysians youths to tell the Government what they think. It does not claim to be the voice of Malaysian youths, or backed by them." But yes, he knows that the public may not buy the sentiment.

So when is the GE, Zaidel? "I don't know. God's honest truth. This (BNYV 12) was also set up to get volunteers to help out with the GE but we don't know when it will be. If GE is next year…" he scratches his head as he frowns, "I guess we may have to change our name!"

Of course he wants BN to win. Of course he wants an increase in youth votes, another term for the current Prime Minister, and for the ETP and GTP to work and be effective. All these are a given. But he also wants to instil a spirit of volunteerism and activism among the young. "I'm very inspired by Ron Paul's grass roots campaign and our UMNO 1946. Orang sanggup gadai rumah, kereta, untuk politik! (People were willing to mortgage their homes and cars just for politics.)"

Look, he says, he's a product of a local tertiary education. His parents are working to middle class people. He knows what the rakyat feels. How is he going to marry if he can't even afford a house? Have people seen the quality of houses now, despite the six star price tag attached to them? Education and childcare are another concern for him. As a young uncle to a special needs child, he knows what the parameters are like. He may be in BN but he's not raking in the money. He's like everyone else with dreams and worries.

"This AUKU and freedom of speech thing," he observes, "I'm all for freedom of speech but I have a caveat. Just because you are young it does not mean that you can voice out at any time. No. You voice out when your work is effective, your deeds are righteous and ideas are good."

Will BNYV be relevant post GE? Oh yes. He wants to take it beyond the elections, and turn the volunteerism machine into something bigger. "I know that there is a silent majority which supports us, but have all sorts of reasons for not being involved in politics. The narrative is hijacked by a noisy minority. This setup does not guarantee any volunteer any payment; in fact, we don't pay anyone. Everything is on a limited budget here. But we're confident of growing big."

What a taxi driver has to say

Cab drivers too have something to say about the current political climate in Malaysia. — AFP pic

Driving up and down Jalan Tun Razak is not for the impatient. And having a cab driver like W ("Oh no, you can't mention my name, I just renewed my permit. Nanti the authorities will take my taxi away, how?") who drives at a pace which can only be described as monotonous, it's a miracle that you get to your destination on time. Somehow, you do.

And like all cab drivers in the city, W has seen and heard many things. He's seen snatch thefts and smash and grab crimes in front of his taxi as he ferried passengers to their destinations, and his car has witnessed joy and heartbreak. He must know something about the GE.

"Aiyo. I wish the government would just get the elections over and done with. That's my wish. Then it'll give us time to see who we want, and vote for. If we have snap polls… how are we going to vote? So little time."

The cost of living is another issue he wants the Government to focus on. Subsidies should only be for the working to middle income Malaysians. "Why should the rich benefit from subsidies?" Even the expatriates who have come to work, complain. They feel that they have been tricked. "Kuala Lumpur is not cheap. Every week the prices go up and up in the supermarket. And this is not a high-class supermarket, you know?"

But he has high hopes for Malaysia. He believes the country will right itself, providing that the ruling government knows what to do with resources. "I just hope it's soon. I think we're fed up of waiting-lah."

In some areas in Malaysia, party flags are out in full force but they remain flapping from houses and lampposts. Malaysians don't seem to be enthusiastic about the upcoming general election. - AFP pic

It's a mixed bag, asking for reactions from Malaysians. Both Wilayah Persekutuan and Selangor are wealthy, and a good percentage of Malaysians living in these areas are middle income, educated and professionals. They are also Internet savvy, and more likely to debate and engage with others on current and social issues.

In certain areas like Bangi, Sg Buloh, party flags are out in full force but they remain flapping from houses and lampposts. In fact, the bridge leading to the Sg Buloh hospital is lined with faded BN and PAS flags. What an enthusiastic welcome to the elections. There isn't an air of general cheer in these areas, and despite the flags and ceramahs, there's little excitement on the ground. Most of the population living in these areas are more concerned about other things, like paying the rent, saving up for old age and illnesses. Bread and butter issues.

Attempts at on the spot, impulsive interviews were met with smiles and hands waving "No." They're too busy, not interested, and not keen to have their opinions published. Maybe we could try up ahead, the people there may talk.

On Facebook….

Luckily there is social media to help with interviews with Selangor-ians.

On Facebook, Malaysians are sharing their thoughts about the upcoming general elections. — AFP pic

Facebook has been a revelation for Malaysians in and keen on politics. Politicians have a love/hate relationship with social media, and no one underestimates its power to influence and make or break a career. Mark Zuckerberg's creation has become a platform for concerned Malaysians, who use it for any cause they feel passionate about. Malaysians against the 100 Storey Tower; Malaysians Against Rape, Assault And Snatch (M.A.R.A.H) and of course Bersih. It (Facebook) forces people to engage on concerns. Hazri Haili, Mimi Ahmad and Clayton Koh, who work in Selangor, may not be friends in real life, but on Facebook, they have come together to talk about their concerns. The three work in very diverse fields: education, social work and public sector.

Are they anticipating the elections? It's mixed. While Clayton is not bothered, Hazri and Harlequin are anxious to see the aftermath of the GE. They want it to happen so they can get on with their lives. They also hope that politicians really know the true scenario of the country; Clayton wants both the Government and Opposition to work together "… to get the work done (for the country)…" It's frustrating to see both at loggerheads with each other and not working for the rakyat.

Clayton's work allows him to observe both sides. He's blasé about the situation, but "If I am the PM, I will include the opposition in all discussion so that we have an open discussion on what really needs to be done for the people and not only for those who will put money in our pockets. Look into long term policies and not just focus on short term policies that benefit the ruling government."

Hazri thinks both parties have a good chance of winning: BN with their strong party machinery and their solid economic plans and Pakatan Rakyat backed by the frustration of the people and strong economic performances in Selangor and Penang. "I wish PR is more solid in their economic outlook," he says.

Mimi sounds fed-up. "I'm hoping for more peace and stability in our country as an outcome from the next GE. No more hanky panky and riots, and please ELIMINATE all those LEMBU ministers."

READ MORE HERE

Defining our political future

Posted: 03 Sep 2012 09:48 AM PDT

You must remember that it is Najib or Anwar – two individuals impossibly flawed by their years in Umno. Two individuals that are cut from the same cloth by the same self-titled bespoke tailor that was Umno.

CT Ali

Who will get your vote? Najib Tun Razak or Anwar Ibrahim? Will your political affiliation decide your choice or would quality of leadership matters? Honesty, compassion, integrity, confidence and flexibility are all qualities impossible to find in abundance in either of them when political leaders should have all of these qualities – and more.

Najib is at best mediocre. He plods around bemused and befuddled by the unfamiliar situation he now finds around him – Rosmah Mansor, the cut and thrust of Umno and Barisan Nasional politics and his own inadequacies swirl around him in ever concentric eddies that threaten to whirl him away to places unknown.

Anwar does trip the light fantastic at times. A charming chameleon who can make himself to be the person we want him to be with just that hint of sincerity that allows us to think that maybe, just maybe that is the real Anwar. And yet the next day he goes off at a tangent because the political expediency needed in juggling Pakatan Rakyat gives him no other option but to do so.

Will our choices be based on what is good and right and in the best interest of the nation as a whole? Perish that thought. We are humans and as humans, we reserve the right and the privilege of choosing a leader we think will do good to us.

And there my friends lies the confidence and bravado that Najib and Anwar have in their belief that the Malaysian people might choose either of them as prime minister. Surely those right-thinking people among us (of which… ahem… this writer thinks himself as one) would have consigned either of them to that heap where the "not to be resuscitated" sign should tell us that they are both past their use-by-date. But we humans are not creatures of rationality.

But this is Malaysia. We have no others. So Najib or Anwar it is.

Defining our political future

If it was a matter of choosing between Najib and Anwar, then I say that Najib is the lesser of the two men. But the lesser of the two men is now the prime minister of our nation.

Those of you who do not want Barisan Nasional say you are tired of the corruption, the abuse of executive power for political and personal financial gain and the total lack of good governance displayed by BN leaders.

Those who do not wish to see Pakatan in government talks about the impossibility and improbability of having three diametrically opposed political entities (now together within the Pakatan coalition for political gain) working in tandem for the common good of the nation and its people.

How could these three once opposing political organisation be held together just because of their hatred for Umno?

We are moving towards the 13th general election and toward our future with all these dilemmas unresolved – not the best of situations but that is all that we have. The pity of it all is that it will still be with us whether we vote for Najib or Anwar. So what are we to do? What should we do? What must we do? What can we "janji" to do?

We need to move towards good governance. And the bottom line to good governance is a vibrant democracy. Only then will we have sustainable and equitable economic growth and political stability. This we will not have with the present crop of political leaders now in power and even among those waiting to gain or seize political power.

We need to define the culture of our political future. We do not want leaders who seek to gain or remain in power by the manipulations of ethnic or religious sentiments.

There are not just Malays and the "others" in Malaysia. We are all one people. Let us no longer talk about Ketuanan Melayu, the institution of royalty, about educating our children in schools that accentuate their ethnicity while ignoring the realities of a society that now demand equality in opportunities and the personal freedom to decide and express their voice in politics, education and in everything that affects their life and the life of their family and the nation they live in.

We already have independence. We already have national integration a long time ago. Now we want the freedom to go on with our life the best way we can – and the function of government is to facilitate that demand. We want and we will choose a government that can do that.

We will not allow Najib or Anwar to lead us elsewhere. If the two of them want their political kingdom, then their political kingdom must conform to our aspiration of what we want. Who your father is, who you are, what race you belong to, what language you speak, what your religion is and where you are coming from politically no longer matters to us – what matters is that we will have our Malaysia. You ignore these demands at your own peril.

Najib’s election dilemma

Posted: 03 Sep 2012 09:34 AM PDT

Each time the election has been put off, it has either been in the wake of a scandal revelation — such as the National Feedlot Corporation — or after a mass rally such as those involving the electoral reform movement Bersih.

Bridget Welsh

When will Malaysia's 13th general election (GE) be held?

Pundits continue to speculate on the election timing, with views ranging from Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak making a surprise announcement to speculation that he will go the full term.

One thing is certain: the polls have to be held before the end of June next year. The person who appears most reluctant to hold the polls is Najib himself. He is now Malaysia's longest serving prime minister without his own electoral mandate — either from his own party, Umno, that has not held elections since 2008 — or from Malaysians.

The pressure to call the polls and deliver a comfortable majority remains intense. Najib's predecessor, Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, was forced to resign when he failed to win two-thirds of the parliamentary seats in the 2008 GE.

Based on fieldwork and polling, of the 222 seats up for grabs, 84 per cent of them are "competitive" — and with the Barisan Nasional (BN) and the opposition having about the same number of "safe seats".

It is thus not surprising that Najib has repeatedly delayed facing the electorate. Multiple windows for the GE have been by-passed. Instead, Najib has worked diligently to earn popular support with the aim of tying his personal popularity to a victory for his ruling coalition.

DIMINISHING RETURNS

His clock is ticking, as there is less than a year left before the GE will have to be called. The longer Najib waits, the more uncertainty he faces, with the real prospect of diminishing electoral returns.

Part of this is a product of the hype surrounding the earlier windows to hold the election. By failing to call the polls on repeated occasions after the election machinery was ramped up and candidate lists forwarded, Najib fuels a possible perception of weakness, as the delays are read as a lack of confidence on his part.

Najib also opens himself up to further uncertainties. Each time the election has been put off, it has either been in the wake of a scandal revelation — such as the National Feedlot Corporation — or after a mass rally such as those involving the electoral reform movement Bersih.

A pattern has set in — where weaknesses in Najib's political reform efforts have been showcased, only to lead to further efforts to reconsolidate support.

The question Malaysians are asking is what will come next. Most are saturated with stories of scandal and intrigue, but ultimately the longer the delay, the greater the possibility of further revelations and civil society mobilisation.

This was the pattern in 2007-2008 and it is already repeating itself, as illustrated by the recent protest against the controversial amendments to section 114A of the Evidence Act 1950. The changes presume that a person is guilty for anything written on their websites and social media mediums.

STATE OF THE ECONOMY

The most serious unknowns Najib faces with his delaying tactics involve the economy.

Malaysia has performed well in terms of growth under his watch — an average of 5.8 per cent growth in the three years. Yet the economy is closely tied to global trends.

Slowing growth in China, recession threats in Europe and a lacklustre economic recovery in the United States, cast real shadows on Najib's political fortunes.

A slowdown is already evident, with third-quarter growth figures dropping to 5.4 per cent.

Najib's government has also been unable to stave off the impact of global inflation. In the first six months of this year, stealthily but steadily prices for fuel have risen, with a 10-sen rise in the month before Hari Raya Puasa alone.

The attention to the economy calls into question Najib's main strategy of using financial handouts to win support. Billions of ringgit have been doled out to constituents in a variety of forms, from vouchers to disadvantaged families to salary bonuses. More are expected in the upcoming Budget this month, the second year in a row the Budget will have been used as an apparent election primer.

While the influx of public sector cash in the economy has boosted consumption, little attention has centred on the long-term implications of short-term allocations and deficit spending.

Kredit: www.malaysia-today.net

Selasa, 4 September 2012

Malaysia Today - Your Source of Independent News

Malaysia Today - Your Source of Independent News

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